从战国谋臣策士的进谏策略看宋玉《风赋》

The Creative Implication on Song Yu's Ode to the Wind from Flattery to Satirizing Due to Advising Strategy of Brain Trusters and Schemers in Warring States Period

关于宋玉的《风赋》，大多数学者认为是讽谏之作，但也有少数学者认为是“帮闲文学”，二者都以《风赋》文本立论，各取所需，似乎都有所据，一时是非难辩。本文跳出了文本的樊篱，以战国时谋臣策士的进谏策略为切入点，进行了深入的分析。认为战国一代谋臣策士的“无婴人主之逆鳞”的进谏策略，影响了宋玉赋体讽谏文学的创作，从而认为宋玉的《风赋》是一篇曲折委婉的讽谏之作，作品运用了借谀而讽、由谀入讽的写作手法，其讽谏之义艺术地蕴含在“雄风”与“雌风”的对比描写之中，寄寓于发人深省的文字之外。

As regard to Ode to the Wind, most scholars consider that it is an advising piece, but a few consider it as 'Penster Literature'. It is difficult to judge it, for both of them make a point on the text of 'Ode to the Wind' and take what they need which seems reasonable. This thesis deeply analyses the advising strategy of brain trusters and schemers in Warring States Period as an entrance out of the restriction of the text. I think the advising strategy of 'Not Offending against Kings' of brain trusters and schemers in Warring States Period influenced Song Yu's creation to satirizing and advising literature of the ode style, so Song Yu's Ode to the Wind was a satirizing and advising work with complication and polite. The writing style of satirizing by flattery and from flattery to satirizing was used in it. Its satirizing and advising meaning was contained in the contrast description of 'Male Wind' and 'Female Wind' artistically and it committed out of the thought-provoking words.