7.62mm手枪弹颅脑火器伤动物模型的建立

Establishment of canine models of pernetating craniocerebral gunshot wound

目的建立军用手枪致狗颅脑火器伤的模型。方法选取杂种狗54只,采用我国五四式军用手枪,7.62mm手枪弹于狗额部眶上突旁,即外眦后1cm,上1.5cm处,距头部30cm处冠状方向射击致狗颅脑火器伤,枪口出弹角度略偏前方眶部约10度角。观测伤后狗的呼吸和脑组织等病理改变。结果21只狗在伤后出现自主呼吸停止,其中9只经抢救呼吸恢复。54只狗中,存活42只伤后2h生命体征平稳,存活率为77.8%。伤后头颅CT检查示:颅内血肿、积气、脑挫伤并颅内碎骨片存在,颅骨可见进弹孔和出弹孔。组织切片呈现脑挫裂伤、出血等病理改变。结论本实验建立了7.62mm手枪弹火器性颅脑贯通伤动物模型。

Objective To establish a canine model of pernetating craniocerebral gunshot wound. Method Gunshot wound was induced in 54 cross-bred dogs using 7.62-mm pistol bullets fired using a pistol from a distance of 30 cm in coronal direction with a tilt of 10 degrees toward the orbit, causing pernetating craniocerebral injury 1 cm posterior and 1.5 cm superior to the lateral canthus. The breathing and pathological changes in the brain tissue were observed after the injury. Results Autonomous breathing was recovered in 9 out of 21 dogs with respiratory arrest after the injury, and the total survival rate was 77.8% in the 54 dogs after the injury. Intracranial hematoma, intracranial pneumatosis, contusion and laceration of brain, and cranial bone fragments were found by cranial CT, with the entrance and exit of the bullet seen on the right and left frontal bone respectively. Pathological examination showed contusion and laceration of the brain tissues. Conclusion The model of craniocerebral perforating wound has been successfully established in dogs.