青海高寒草甸土壤放线菌区系研究

Study on Actinomycetes Population of Alpine Meadow Soil in Qinghai

2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年从海北高寒草甸生态系统采集土样 ,用不同方法从中分离放线菌 30 0余株 ,根据其形态和分类特征 ,分别归入小单孢菌属 (Micromonospora)、诺卡氏菌属 (Nocardia)、糖多孢菌属 (Saccharopolyspora)、原小单孢菌属 (Promicromonospora)和链霉菌属 (Streptomyces) ,并将链霉菌归入 7个类群。同时对 2 30株中温菌和 110株低温菌的部分酶活性及其对真菌和细菌的拮抗性进行了测定 ,发现链霉菌不仅具有许多酶活性 。

Soil samples were collected from six kinds of soil in Haibei alpine meadow ecosystem during 2001～2002. More than 300 strains of actinomycete were isolated by five agar media. On the basis of morphological characteristics and some chemotaxonomic properties, the isolated strains were classified into different genera, such as Micromonospora, Nocardia, Saccharopolyspora, Promicromonospora, Streptomyces, and the Streptomyces strains were classified into seven groups. The result indicated that the biodiversity of actinomycetes in different soils and the actinomycetes abundance of different kinds showed significant differences. The activities of some enzymes produced by mesophilic and psychrophilic actinomycetes also discussed in this paper. It is found that many strains of streptomyces not only have some enzyme activities such as starch decomposition, nitrate deoxidization, gelatin utilization etc., but also have some inhibiting activities for fungi and bacteria offered to test, whereas the rare actinomyces showed low positive rate of enzyme activities and inhibiting activities for fungi and bacteria.