江南星蕨配子体形态发育的研究

Observation on the Gametophyte Development of Microsorium fortunei (Moore) Ching

用无机培养基和土壤培养基分别培养江南星蕨(Microsoriumfortunei(Moore)Ching)孢子,显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体形态发育过程。结果表明:孢子黄色,赤道面观豆形,极面观椭圆形,单裂缝,外壁具刺状纹饰。接种后7～12d孢子萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育为槲蕨型。接种后25d左右发育为片状体,片状体形成顶端细胞的时间较晚,有的甚至不形成。无机培养基培养的原叶体常在基部发生营养繁殖。毛状体出现在片状体形成之后,数量丰富,多为单细胞,分布于原叶体背腹面及边缘。接种后60d左右发育形成幼原叶体,成熟原叶体呈心脏形。接种后80d左右开始有性器官出现,精子器的出现较颈卵器早10d左右。颈卵器成熟后,颈部常向原叶体基部倾斜或弯曲。

Spores of the Microsoirum fortunei (Moore) Ching were cultured in the inorganic medium and the soil respectively. Spore germination and gametophytic development were observed by microscope. Our observation showed that the spores are yellowish, monolete, with the exine bearing a spinulose ornamentation, and bean-shaped in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view. The spores germinated within 7-12 days after inoculated in the medium, the germination was of the Vittaria-type while the gametophyte development was of the Drynaria-type. The prothallial plates formed with in 25 days after inoculation. The establishment of an apical cell was delayed, and some prothalli omitted the meristematic cell. Vegetative propagation often occurred on the basal part of the prothallial plate in the inorganic medium. Further development after the formation of the prothallial plate and profuse unicellular hairs occurred on both surfaces and margin of the prothalli. Young prothalli developed within 60 days after inoculation and mature prothalli were of cordate-thalloid. The sex organs were formed in 80 days after inoculation, and antheridia appeared about 10 days earlier than archegonia. Archegonial neck usually inclined or curved towards the base of the prothallus at maturity.