稻瘟病菌生理小种研究的回顾与展望

Review and Prospect for Study of Physiologic Races on Rice Blast Fungus (Pyricularia grisea)

世界稻瘟病菌生理小种研究可以根据鉴别品种(系)的选择水平分为4个发展阶段:(1)根据人们的经验选择抗病基因组成不清楚的鉴别品种;(2)通过水稻品种的抗病基因分析构建每个品种具有已知抗病基因的品种;(3)利用籼粳稻品种作为抗源供体,以感病籼稻品种CO39为轮回亲本,培育具有CO39遗传背景的近等基因系;(4)以普感的粳稻品种丽江新团黑谷为轮回亲本育成的单基因的中国近等基因系和日本-IRRI单基因系。本文简要讨论了稻瘟病菌的分子遗传学研究,将稻瘟病菌的遗传宗谱与致病型之间的关系归纳为3种观点:(1)稻瘟病菌菌株的遗传宗谱与致病型之间存在一定的对应关系;(2)二者之间没有对应关系;(3)遗传宗谱与致病型之间的相互关系非常复杂,需要进一步研究才能得出有关它们遗传规律的明确结论。

Race studies in the world can be divided into following four developmental periods in accordance with selective level of differential varieties (lines): (1)Differential varieties of which constitution of resistance genes was not known were selected on the basis of one抯 experiences; (2)Differential varieties which have known resistance genes for each were constructed through analysis of resistance genes in rice varieties; (3)Near-isogenic lines of resistance genes in rice which have same genetic background with susceptible indica variety CO39 were developed by using indica rice and japonica rice as donors of resistance genes and CO39 as recurrent parent and used to study races of blast fungus; And (4) Chinese near-isogenic lines and Japan-IRRI抯 monogenic lines of rice which have single resistance gene were developed by using universally susceptible japonica rice variety Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and now are being applied in many countries in the world. Following three points of view were summaried based on respective results rabout relationship between genetic lineage and pathotype of blast fungus (1)There are certain corresponding relationships between genetic lineage and pathotype in blast isolates; (2) There are no corresponding relationships between both; And (3).Mutual relationships are very complicated between genetic lineage and pathotype. It is necessary to further study to get clear conclusions for their inherent rule. Molecular genetics of rice blast fungus was also discussed briefly.