黄毛草莓与凤梨草莓种间杂种的获得及其细胞遗传学分析

Production and Cytogenetics of Interspecific Hybrids from the Cross of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht and F. ananassa Duch.

以中国原产二倍体黄毛草莓与八倍体栽培种凤梨草莓栽培品种春霄和硕香杂交,通过胚拯救获得了种间杂种。经体细胞鉴定种间杂交后代为五倍体,育性差。株高、植株状态、叶形、叶面状态、叶柄茸毛等性状介于亲本之间;匍匐茎颜色、花序高度等多与母本一致;叶色、花梗茸毛等性状也倾向野生母本。田间抗病性鉴定结果表明,获得了与野生亲本表现一致的抗叶斑病和炭疽病的杂交后代材料。杂交F1代的花粉母细胞减数分裂观察表明,染色体构型为7.55Ⅰ+12.97Ⅱ+0.29Ⅲ+0.16Ⅳ,后期出现畸形多分孢子,推测黄毛草莓与栽培种亲缘关系较远。

The interspecific hybrid was obtained from the cross of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht, a diploid species derived from China, and two cultivars of F. ananassa Duch.(2n=8x=56) by the means of immature embryo culture technique when the latter as the pollen parent. The hybrids were pentaploids and poor fertility. The hybrids surveyed morphologically intermediate between their parents in plant height, plant form, leaf shape, leaflet form and hair on petiole; Other morphological traits including runner and leaf color, peduncle height, hair on peduncle of hybrids inclined predominantly to female parent F. nilgerrensis. The evaluation of hybrids to strawberry leaf spot and anthracnose in field showed they had better resistance to the diseases than cultivated variety parent. The hybrids showed expected 35 chromosomes in somatic cells and had a meiotic chromosome association of 7.55Ⅰ+12.97Ⅱ+0.29Ⅲ+0.16Ⅳ with abnormal microspores occurring in tetrad phase. There was possibility no close relationship between F. nilgerrensis and F. ananassa is due to the cytogenetic analysis.