宗教的权力表述——中国宗教的公私形态及其秩序构成

Power Representation in Religion ——Public and Private Forms of China's Religion and Their Constituencies of Order

中国宗教的社会形式 ,具有两个大的层面。一个是制度层面 ,结构的、合法形式 ,即本文提出的“公共宗教”层面 ;一个是私人形式 ,扩散的、非合法形式 ,即本文提出的“私人宗教”形式。关键的问题是 ,中国宗教的神圣理念 ,同时并存在这两个层面。这个宗教的公共形式 ,几乎囊括了历史上中国人所有的价值关怀与社会存在 ,涉及了中国社会之中真正具有秩序的符号、信念和宗教活动。这个制度形式的“公共宗教” ,同时也包含了“私人宗教”形式及其一切活动和价值行动 ,表现出最为扩散的宗教形式。正是这种扩散的宗教形式 ,证明并构成了中国社会之中的权力秩序。所以 ,中国历史上“宗教形式” ,实际上就是孕育着中国特征“秩序模式”

In this paper,that China's religion represents itself in two social forms: institutional and private. The institutional form refers to the public religion, that is, the structured, legal religion. The private form is characterized with the feature of private religion, that is, the diffused, illegal religion. It is crucial to realize that the two forms are simultaneously extant in the deity of China's religion. The public religion almost involves all the values and social beings in the history of China, including the signs of order, beliefs and various religious activities in China's society. In the form of institution, the public religion is also of feature of diffuseness, concerning all activities and value of acts in the form of private religion. It is the diffuseness of China's religion that has witnessed and formed the social order of power. Therefore, the religious forms in China's history has actually been pregnant with the models of order.