少数服从多数规则的特性

The Characterization of Majority Rule

假定投票人的人数是奇数,E.S.Maskin引入传递性刻画了少数服从多数规则的特性. Campbell和Kelly试图将E.S.Maskin的理论推广到投票人的人数是任意整数的情形,用有限传递性来刻画少数服从多数规则的特性.我们发现存在这样的少数服从多数规则,它满足无关方案独立性条件并且认为任意两个不同的备选方案都是有差异的,但却不一定满足有限传递性.所以,用有限传递性来刻画少数服从多数规则的特性就有一定缺陷.本文对满足无关方案独立性的少数服从多数规则特性进行了重新刻画,并弱化了有关条件.

Assuming an odd number of voters, E. S. Maskin had provided a characterization of majority rule based on full transitivity. Wanting to extent Maskin's theorem to the majority rule, which allows the number of voters to be odd or even, Campbell and Kelly characterized majority rule with a set of axioms that includes ⅡA, Pareto, near symmetry, and limited transitivity. But the limited transitivity is very strong, it can be found that some of the majority rule with a breaking tie do satisfy ⅡA but do not satisfy the limited transitivity. This paper provides a new characterization of majority rule, which satisfies ⅡA.