理想与现实的反差——读《史记·酷吏列传》

A Contrast Between Ideal and Reality——thoughts on an account of the oppressive officials

许多《史记》研究者和研究资料都认为《酷吏列传》表现了司马迁强烈的人民性和讽刺批判精神,其实这种认识是非常简单和片面的。正如现有一些学者所指出的,《酷吏列传》不能单纯或孤立地来认识,而是要将其放在当时的汉代社会大背景下,并将之与司马迁对社会的深刻认识和反思结合起来分析。对于酷吏,司马迁表现出一种复杂态度。一篇《酷吏列传》,一篇《循吏列传》实际上体现了司马迁现实与理想的矛盾和反差。

Many scholars and studies of Records of the Historican( written by Si Ma - qian of the Han Dynasty ) point out that an account of the oppressive officials evinces the strong affinity to the people and aslo shows the satirical and critical views of Si Ma - qian. Actually such views are simple and one - sided,just as some scholars point out that we cannot understand an account of the oppressive officials simply and isolatedly, but place it on the social background of Han Dynasty and furthermore combine it with Si Ma - qian's deep recognizations on the society at that time. Si Ma - qian has a complicated attitude toward the oppressive officials. An account of the oppressive officials and an account of the upright officials actually reflected the contradiction and contrast of his ideal and reality.