河北省鼠疫自然疫源地内染疫动物及染疫媒介的研究

Study on Infected Plague Animals and Vectors in the Nature in the Plague Natural Focus of Hebei Province

目的 :掌握疫源地内自然染疫动物及染疫媒介种类、构成和相互关系 ,为今后防治鼠疫提供科学依据。方法 :统计分析我所 195 3年到 2 0 0 3年间有关鼠疫监测资料。结果 :疫源地共判定染疫动物 6种 ,染疫蚤 3种 ,其中狭颅田鼠和宽圆纤蚤是我国鼠疫自然疫源地内首次记录的疫鼠和疫蚤。结论 :长爪沙鼠是该疫源地内鼠疫菌的主要贮存宿主 ,每次鼠疫流行是以长爪沙鼠为主要染疫动物的沙鼠型鼠疫 ,其它动物积极参与流行 ,对动物病的保存延续起协同作用。秃病蚤蒙冀亚种和方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种为主要传播媒介。宽圆纤蚤为次要媒介 ,但该蚤对鼠疫的流行起到了不可忽视的推波助澜作用。

Objective: To master kinds, composition and correlation of infected plague animals and vectors inthe nature in this focus, to provide scientific foundations for prevention and control plague from now on.Methods: Consulted data of relative plague survey from 1953 to 2003 , and analyzed statistics . Results: 6species infected plague animals and 3 species infected fleas were determined, of which Microtus gregalis andRhadinopsylla rothschildi are written down as infected plague species for the first time in China. Conclusions:Meriones unguiculatus is the main host of Erduosi Plateau type of Y. pestis. Every time the plague epizootic wasgiven rise to Meriones type plague, by this bacteriotype infected Meriones unguiculatus as main infected plagueanimal. Else animals participated in prevalent actively ,they are playing a synergic part in the plague epizooticpreservation and continuity. The main vectors are Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi and Citellophilu,tesquorum mongolicus. Rhadinopsylla rothschildi is secondary, but it played a propellant role in prevalence of the plaguethat we must not neglected.