新西兰与中国语言政策对比研究及启示

Comparative Studies and Inspirations from Language Policies in New Zealand and China

新西兰与中国的国家体制、民族社会语言状况、历史背景有所不同。因此,两国政府在不同历史时期采用不同的语言政策。新西兰征服土著居民毛利人之后,曾经对毛利人实行民族同化政策。此后,政府改用一体化政策,目的在于使英国人的语言文化与毛利人的语言文化相结合。中国政府根据自己的国情,帮助尚无文字的少数民族创立文字,帮助文字尚不完备的少数民族逐渐充实其文字,并且推广普通话。从社会语言学的观点来看,两国政府采用不同的语言政策对国家的稳定起着非常重要的作用。

Either New Zealand or the People's Republic of China has different systems, different nationalities, different social language conditions and different historical backgrounds. Therefore, these two countries have used different language policies at different historical periods. The policy on nationality assimilation was carried out when British conquered Maori. Later on, New Zealand government changed the previous policy into a policy of an organic whole to combine British language and culture with the Maori's. According to the actual situations, Chinese government has helped the minorities by creating written languages for them, what is more, has helped those minorities perfect their written languages. Besides, the government has popularized standard Chinese. From sociolinguistic point of view, it is very important for these two countries to adopt different language policies for stabilization.