宁夏香山荒漠草原区植物群落类型多样性及数量分析

Diversity and quantitative analysis of plant communities of desert grassland in Xiangshan mountain of Ningxia Province

在样地调查的数据基础上,对群落分布及类型进行分析。结果表明,香山山地荒漠草原区植被主要为灌丛植被和草本群落植被,符合干旱环境下具有长期放牧史的山地植被发育特征。由于山体岛屿化结构明显、生境碎化严重,植被景观斑块状明显,植被在山体内垂直分布格局不明显,受海拔因素影响较小。灌丛和草本植物群落分布主要受水分梯度差异的影响,不同群落类型的群落多样性有差异,灌丛群落多样性较高。群落数量排序、分类结果与植被生态地理分布以及物种组成分析相吻合。数量分类易于生境解释,因此在群落分布生境分析上有重要意义。灌丛植被在该山地生态系统中处于重要地位,是生态功能维持的主要因子。所以,在本地进行生物多样性保护中应该重点放在灌丛植被。

Based on the investigation of the large area, the distributing and type of all communities were analyzed. The major vegetation was shrubbery and herbage, fitting the characteristics of the development of mountainous vegetations in arid environment with long-term grazing. The vegetation landscape was distributed with patchion type heavily for the insular mountains and fragmentary habitats. The pattern of vegetation vertical distribution was not obvious in the mountains, and was not severely changed with the altitude. The distribution of shrubbery and herbage was affected by water strongly. Community diversity was different in different community types, and shrubby diversity was higher. The results of quantity classification and ordination of communities were identical with vegetation ecology, geographic distribution and the species components analysis. Classification of quantity could be interpreted with habitat easily, which had important meaning for community distribution and habitat analysis. In the ecosystem of the mountains, the shrubby community was important to maintain the function of ecosystem. It concluded that the shrubby vegetation was the keystone for the biodiversity conservation in the region.