驱油用表面活性剂的研究

Study of Surfactants for EOR

综述了驱油用表面活性剂种类、制备方法、应用和研究趋势。三次采油中阴离子型表面活性剂应用最为普遍,其中以石油磺酸盐和烷基苯磺酸盐为最多,已有工业化产品;非离子表面活性剂常与磺酸盐类表面活性剂复配使用,可提高磺酸盐表面活性剂抗二价阳离子能力;生物发酵法制备的鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂生产成本低,环境污染小,并已有工业化产品,是一种很有潜力的驱油体系;孪生表面活性剂具有许多优异的性能,在三次采油中应用前景广阔。研制耐高含盐量、耐高温、吸附损失低、成本低的表面活性剂成为驱油用表面活性剂的研究趋势。

The kinds, methods, applications and development trend of surfactants for EOR were reviewed . Anionic surfactants were widely used in EOR,in which petroleum sulfonates and alkylbenzene sulfonates were the most common kinds used and had been put in commercial use. Nonionic surfactants were combined with sulfonate surfactants to improve the resistance to bivalent metal cation. Bio - surfactants were potential oil displacement system with low production cost and little pollution to environment. Gemini surfactants had very bright prospects in EOR because of their excellent performances. Novel surfactants for EOR with resistance to high salt concentration, resistance to high temperature, and low surfactant loss and low production cost is the future trend.