黄土高原苹果基地土壤干燥化原因及其对策

Soil Dryization of the Apple Base in the Loess Plateau and Its Countermeasures

黄土高原苹果基地果园土壤的干燥化相当广泛 ,已经成为影响苹果生产的主要问题。通过分析论证 ,综合各方面的事实和科学证据 ,认为果园土壤的干燥化是气候暖干化和苹果生产耗水两方面综合作用的结果。通过采取果园覆草技术 ,可以解决果园土壤的干燥化问题 ,提高下渗率 ,减少流失量 ,减少蒸发量 ,提高土壤含水量 ,同时提高土壤肥力 ,改善土壤理化性质与土壤结构 ,形成水、肥、气、热、生物因素平衡的生态系统 ,促进苹果生产的稳定发展。

Soil dryization of the apple base in the Loess Plateau is a widespread phenomenon. The soil moisture decrease has endangeredthe apple production in the region. One of the reasons of soil dryizationis the combination of climate warming and precipitation decrease. The other is the intensified soil water consumption of apple plantation. Although we can't change the trend of climatic warming and reduction in precipitation, the technique of apple plantation could be improved for reducing soil evaporation, increasing water infiltration. The technique of grass-cover is introduced. Grass cover can promote water infiltration,reduce running offof water, reduce the evaporation, and raise the soil moisture content. At the same time, it also raisessoil fertility, improve soil physical and chemicalqualityand the soil structure, toguarantee and promote the development of apple production.