中国椴粉属Tiliaepollenites花粉的植物关系及其意义

ON THE BOTANICAL RELATION AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE OF TILIAEPOLLENITES IN CHINA

文章分析了我国所发现的椴粉属花粉特征,并与现代相关植物花粉进行了对比,发现本属不单与椴树科(Tiliaceae)而且与梧桐科(Sterculiaceae)的某些属种有关系,从而在讨论孢粉植物群的性质及其气候等方面的问题时有了可靠的对比资料,使孢粉学的植物学意义更加可信。

SummaryThe affinity of 14 Tiliaepollenites species from the Tertiary of China has been discussed. After a comparison with the pollen morphology of the related extant plants, the following results have been obtained: Pollen fossils related to the extant plants of Tilia may be divided into two groups. One is with large size, with pollen diameter commonly over 40 um, such as Tiliaepollenites instructus, T. pseudinstructus, T. polonicus and T. hunchunensis, etc. They should be related to the extant plants of Tilia chinensis and Tilia amurensis, etc. Another group is having smaller size, with pollen diameter smaller than 40 μm, commonly in 30-40 μm, such as Tiliaepollenites indubitabilis, T. paradoxus and T. cordataeformis, etc. which may be matched to the extant plants of Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos, etc. On the whole, the relation of these 6 fossil species is really with the extant plants of Tilia. As the Tilia plants now distribute in the warm and north subtropical climatic zone, these fossil pollen records may also indicate certain similar climate. Pollen fossils related to the extant plants of Berrya, Craigia and/or Hainania include Tiliaepollenites lingfengensis, T. microreticulatus and T. retigranulatus, etc. The extant plants of these 3 genera now grow in the south subtropical or even tropic areas. The pollen fossils of this type would also represent the similar climate. The relation of some other pollen fossils is not yet confirmed and we just deduce them as follows: Tiliaepollenites triangulus to the recent plants of Symplocos; Tiliaepollenites minimus, to Formosia benthamiana of Apocynaceae; Tiliaepollenites insculptus, to Utricularia orbiculata of Lentiburiaceae; and Tiliaepollenites granulatus, to Adenophora of Campanulaceae. Except for the last one, all other plants grow in the middle to south subtropical zone of China. The pollen fossils are possibly with the similar climatic feature. The distribution of Tiliaepollenites from the south (Guangdong Province) to the middle (the continental shelf of East China Sea) and the north (the Bohai Area) areas of China in the Early Tertiary shown the climate change from the south subtropical to the north subtropical. This climatic change can also be recognized from the Tertiary palynological assemblages in the middle and north areas of China.