2000～2003年广西霍乱监测结果分析与评价

Analysis and assessment of results in surveillance of cholera during 2000 - 2003 in Guangxi.

目的通过对2000～203年广西霍乱监测结果的分析和评价,了解监测工作的效果,为防制对策提供依据.方法根据新时期流行特点重新制订<广西霍乱监测方案>,将全自治区划定三类地区进行管理,拟定监测内容包括病原拉索对象(标本来源种类)和类地区相应的监测时间及任务量,按标准方法对标本进行检测,资料按规定上报、汇总和反馈,并统计分析.结果2000～2003年全自治区监测标本病原检测总阳性率为0.67‰,其中以2000年最高为1.96‰,次为2001年(1.05‰);地区以第三类为最高,尤以2001年为明显(P＜0.05);2002～2003年均未检出阳性.疑似病人、腹泻病人和重点人群粪便检索阳性率分别为9.66‰、0.34‰和0.49‰,水体、其它外环境和食品标本检索阳性率分别为0.69‰、1.90‰和0.00‰.监测系统发现的194份阳性标本均出现在疫区中,非疫区均未发现有阳性标本;各年份标本阳性率高低与流行强度相吻合;2个有疫情的年份首例病例均是通过腹泻病门诊发现的;通过监测系统发现了94.83%的病例.结论监测方案基本适合同期防治形势的需要,并取得较好的效果,对广西霍乱疫情控制起到重要的作用.

Objective To describe the effectiveness of surveillance for cholera by analyzing and assessing the results of the surveillance conducted in Guangxi from 2000 to 2003, and provide evidence for formulating control strategy. Methods The Autonomous Region was managed according to the strategy of surveillance of cholera in Guangxi revised based on the latest epidemic features, divided into 3 categories of areas.The surveillance included stool cultures of suspected cases, patients with diarrhea, and key populmion, as well as cultures of water .environment and food specimens. Specific surveillance periods and quantity of specimens collected were assigned to each category of areas. Standard methods were used forthe analysis of specimens. Information was notified, collected and fed back according to the strategy. Results General culture-positive rate was 0.67‰ across Guangxi between 2000 and 2003 .And higher culture-positive rate of 1.96‰ was observed in the year of 2000 (P<0.05), followed by the rate in 2001 (1.05‰) . The culture- positive rate was significantly higher in the areas of category 3, notablely in 2001. Positive culture was not observed in 2002 or 2003. The positive rates were 9.66‰ ,0. 34‰ and 0.49‰ in suspected cases, patients with diarrhea and key populating confirmed by culture,respectively.0.69‰,1.90‰ and 0.00‰ of water,environmental and food specimens were positive with V. cholerae, respectively. All 194 culture-positive specimens collected under the surveillance systems were found from epidemic areas, but non from non-epidemic areas.The levels of annual culture-positive rates were consistent with the epidemic strength of the same year. In 2 years with outbreak occurrence, the initial cases were both ascertained in diarrhea screening clinics. 94.83 % of cases were found under the surveillance system. Conclusion This surveillance strategy is adapted to preventive situation of the same period, which is found to be effective and is important for control of cholera in Guangxi.