心理测验学技术发展史(述评)

History of Development in Psychometric Technique.

目的 通过心理测量学技术的发展史回顾与评价 ,为心理量表的修订和研制提供理论依据。方法 文献法与临床经验法相结合。结果 心理量表的技术发展有 3条线索 ,一是评定法、二是作业量表法、三是问卷法。 3种技术都可用于人格、智能、症状、人才选拔等不同目的 ,但各有各的优势和弱势。结论 心理测量是有用但又不易掌握的行为技术 ,心理学家在使用和评价或研制心理量表的同时 ,要注意自己知识结构可能有盲区无法超越。观察法是比较低级的方法 ,后来发展为评定法在精神科还大有用处。问卷法对多数人格测验是有效的 ,但要测量症状还需结合校标法 。

Objective It’s purpose by the way of view and appreciate clews of development in psychometric technique, So scale can be revised and prepared base on the theory. Methods Close integration of review and clinical experience. Results There are three clews in psychometric technique development: Rating method, performance scaling and survey method. All they can be used in various purpose such as for personality, intellectual ability, symptom, personal selection and so on. Conclusion Psychometrys are useful behavioral technique but not easy to prehension, so psychologist must be careful the self-awareness blind zone of knowledge when he used or evaluated or advanced development a psychometric scaling。Observation is more low-level method but can become useful in psycho-medicine when it be developed as a rating scale lately. Survey method is validity for most personality measurement but not for symptoms, if it’s necessity, you should choose the criterion rather than factor analysis.