有氧无氧训练对血乳酸的影响及相关因素分析

The Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Training on the Serum Level of Lactic Acid and Its Related Factors Analysis

目的 探讨中长跑有氧与无氧训练对血乳酸的影响及其相关因素 .方法 上海市及上海体院田径队中长跑运动员 ,根据个人运动专长 ,安排相应专项训练 ;12名进行有氧训练 ,14名进行无氧训练 ,分别在训练前及运动后即刻抽静脉血 ,检测血乳酸等生化指标及血常规指标 .结果 ①有氧及无氧两组运动员训练后即刻 ,血乳酸 (LD)、白蛋白 (ALB)及金属钠离子 (Na+ )水平均明显升高 (p <0 .0 1) ;而二氧化碳结合力 (CO2 CP)明显下降 (p<0 .0 1) .②两组运动员训练后 ,CO2 CP及淋巴细胞绝对计数 (LYM)与LD水平密切相关 (p <0 .0 1) ;ALB含量、淋巴细胞百分比 (LYM % )及中性粒细胞百分比 (NEUT % )与LD水平亦呈相关 (p<0 .0 5 ) .③有氧组训练后 ,LD水平与金属钾离子 (K+ )浓度升高相关 (p<0 .0 5 ) ;无氧组训练后LD水平与金属钠离子 (Na+ )浓度升高显著相关 (p<0 .0 1) ,但训练后K+ 浓度呈下降趋势 .结论 ①有氧及无氧训练方式对血乳酸的影响存在较大差异 ;②除用血乳酸水平控制训练方式及强度外 ,还需注意与乳酸改变密切相关的生化及血常规指标的改变 ;③无氧训练后血钾浓度下降 ,与运动疲劳有关 ,应及时补充钾离子及含HCO3 -成分的饮料 .

Objective To study the effect of aerobic and anaerobic training on serum level of lactic acid and its related factors in the middle and long distance runners. Methods 26 middle and long distance athletes were selected from the track and field team of Shanghai City and Shanghai Institute of Physical Education and divided into two groups (12 for aerobic training and 14 for anaerobic training). Every athlete was trained with a specific program designed according to the athlete's ability. Blood was drawn from the vein before and soon after the training. Biochemistry tests including the level of serum lactic acid and Peripheral blood cells counting and classification were detected. Results ①The serum level of lactic acid, albumin, and sodium were increased after both aerobic and anaerobic training (p<0.01), while the carbon dioxide combining power(CO 2CP)was significantly decreased (p<0.01). ②The CO 2CP and lymphocyte count were significantly correlated with the serum level of lactic acid (p<0.01) in both groups and the serum level of albumin, percentage of lymphocyte and percentage of neutrophil were also correlated with the serum level of lactic acid (p<0.05). ③The serum level of kalium was increased in the aerobic training group, which was statistically correlated with the serum level of lactic acid(p<0.05). The serum level of sodium was increased in the anaerobic training group, which was correlated with the serum level of lactic acid (p<0.01). But the serum level of kalium was decreased in the anaerobic training group. Conclusions ①The effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on the serum level of lactic acid are different.②Serum level of lactic acid is a monitoring marker of the training way and intensity. Besides, some other biochemical and blood routine tests should be concerned. ③The serum level of kalium was decreased in the anaerobic training group, which related with the sport fatigue, therefore, the beverages containing kalium and bicarbonate ion should be supplied to the athletes after the anaerobic training.