机车乘务作业对司机心血管和听觉系统的影响

Study on Cardiovascular and Hearing System in Locomotive Drivers

[目的]探讨噪声、振动、高温、职业紧张等多种有害因素的联合作用对机车乘务员心血管系统和听觉系统的影响。[方法]对机车乘务室内噪声、振动、高温等有害因素进行检测,采取分层整群抽样方法对120名机车司机的血压、心电图、听力进行测量。[结果]噪声、高温、振动、精神紧张等有害因素的联合作用可引起机车司机收缩压和舒张压同时增高(P<0.05);心电图异常,主要表现为窦性心律不齐;心肌受损,室性早搏等,可引起心率加快、QRS波群延长、T波改变;还可导致高频听力损伤,同时语频听阈也升高(P<0.05)。[结论]机车乘务作业可影响司机的心血管系统和听觉系统。应密切注意观察司机心血管系统和听觉系统功能,保护司机身体健康,保障铁路运输生产安全运行。

[Objective] To study the effects of noise, high temperature, vibration,occupational stress etc. in combination on cardiovascular and hearing system in locomotive drivers.[Methods] The noise,high temperature,vibration in locomotive cabinets were measured, 120 drivers were examined their BP,electrocardiogram,hearing. [Results] Systolic and diastolic BP in the exposed group was higher than in the control group(P<0.05). Electrocardiogram showed arrhythmia,cardiac muscle damage, ventricular extrasystole.The QRS wave was widened with arrhythmia,abnormality T wave. In high frequency hearing threshold has been heightened with higher speech hearing threshold(P<0.05). [Conclusion] Cardiovascular and hearing system may be affected in locomotive drivers. We must observe closely the function of cardiovascular and hearing system of drivers,to protect their heath and to ensure safety of railway transportation.