油菜籽三种氨基酸含量的胚、细胞质和母体遗传效应分析

Analysis of embryo, cytoplasmic and maternal effects on three amino acid traits in rapeseed.

利用8个油菜品种进行完全双列杂交,采用包括胚、细胞质和母体植株遗传效应的二倍体种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析油菜(BrassicanapusL.)饼粕谷氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸含量的遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关.结果表明,除了未发现精氨酸的细胞质效应外,油菜籽饼粕中谷氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸性状的表达均受到胚、细胞质和母体植株遗传效应的控制.谷氨酸和甘氨酸性状的表现是以母体遗传效应为主,但精氨酸性状的胚和母体遗传效应相近.3种氨基酸的母体遗传率大于胚遗传率或细胞质遗传率,且均以母体加性效应和细胞质效应为主,因此对这些性状进行选择可望取得较好的效果.3种氨基酸之间的相关性是以胚显性正相关(rD)为主,但母体加性(rAm)或显性(rDm)负相关也较为明显.

A diallel design with eight parents of Brassica napus were conducted to analyze the genetic effects, heritabilities and genetic correlations from diploid embryo, cytoplasm and diploid maternal plant for the contents of Glutamic acid (Glu), Glycine (Gly) and Arginine (Arg) of rapeseed cake, by using the genetic model for seed quantitative traits of diploid plant. The results indicated that these amino acids in rapeseed cake were simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects from embryo genes, cytoplasmic genes and maternal plant genes, except for the cytoplasmic effect of Arg. The contents of Glu and Gly in rapeseed cake were mainly controlled by maternal genetic effects, but the embryo effect and maternal effect were almost equal for Arg. The maternal heritabilities were larger than the embryo or cytoplasmic heritabilities for three amino acids. The selection effect could be expected in rapeseed quality breeding, because of the larger maternal additive and cytoplasmic effects. The positive embryo dominance correlations (r_D) were more important for the pairwise traits among Glu, Gly and Arg in rapeseed cake, although the negative maternal additive (r_(Am)) or dominance (r_(Dm)) correlations were significant for some pairwise traits of amino acids.