唯心·客观·辩证三位一体——黑格尔英雄史观解析

On Hegel's Historical View of Heroes

黑格尔的历史观有3个特征:唯心性、客观性和辩证性。唯心性使他把英雄和群众对立起来,抬高英雄和贬低群众,因此他的历史观无疑是英雄史观。客观性使他承认历史发展的规律性和生产劳动的积极意义,承认英雄活动的历史制约性和人民群众的创造作用,因而他的英雄史观中包含有历史唯物主义的萌芽。辩证性使他论述了英雄和群众、英雄和时代、动机和结果、自由与必然的对立统一关系,因而他的英雄史观独具特色,成为唯物史观的直接理论前阶。

Hegel's historical view has three characteristics: idealistic, objective and dialectical. The idealism made him separate the heroes and the mass. He praised the heroes while disparaging the masses. So he held a hero-dominant historical view. The objectivity made him acknowledge the regularity of the historical development, the positive role of the laborers, the historical restriction on the role of heroes and the creativity of the laboring people. Therefore his hero-dominant view contains the seeds of historical materialism. The dialecticality made him correctly expound the opposition and unification relations between heroes and mass, heroes and time, motivation and effect as well as freedom and necessity. Thus his hero-dominant view has its unique character and became one of the direct sources of the historical materialism.