北魏洛阳永宁寺塑像的初步研究

与同时期龙门古阳洞、宾阳洞和巩县石窟等相比较, 北魏永宁寺木塔出土的塑像尽管由于雕造时间早晚或材质的原因, 表现出一些内容和形象上的差异与变化, 但寺窟主要构造、造像形式、内容题材和表现手法却是基本一致的, 它们展示了北魏都洛以后佛教在这一时期发展到一个高潮阶段的所有重要特征, 代表着这一时期佛教造像内容与风格的主流。由此得出结论, 北魏时期佛教的传播与发展是一个循序渐进继承传统且逐渐丰富的过程, 其都洛时期主要造像风格与内容题材渊源于北魏建都平城时期的寺窟造像是毫无疑问的, 但同时也存在着汉文化影响的因素。

Compared with Guyang cave and Bingyang cave of Longmen Grottoes and Gongxian Grottoes during Northern Wei period, the contents and figures of the statues excavated at wood tower of Yongning temple have some differences and changes because of the different carved time and material of statues But the main construct, statues form, theme and fashion of them are mainly coincident They represented the main character of Buddhist statue content and fashion after Nothern Wei government moved the capital to Luoyang We can conclude that the fashion and theme of Buddhist statues during Northern Wei dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang originated from the statues of temple and grottoes of Pingcheng period and simultaneously were affected by Han nationality culture