不同生态稻区覆膜旱作稻氮营养生理及抗逆生理特性探讨

Physiological characteristics of nitrogen nutrition and stress-resistance of film-mulched rice in various ecological regions of Zhejiang Province.

不同生态稻区生态环境和栽培管理方式不同,覆膜旱作稻氮营养生理和抗逆生理与常规水作稻有些异同,尤其是体内NO3-N和NH4+N含量及分布差异很大.杭嘉湖平原区覆膜旱作稻生长前期受干热天气影响,其分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期体内NO3-N含量较水作稻有不同程度的降低,而NH4+N含量则极显著提高;金衢盆地覆膜旱作稻孕穗期体内NO3-N含量比常规水作稻高,根部NH4+N含量则显著降低,茎基部和叶片NH4+N含量有一定增加.正常气候条件下两生态稻区覆膜旱作稻孕穗期叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性较水作稻均有不同程度的提高;丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖及脯氨酸(Pro)含量与水作稻相差不大,表明不同生态稻区的覆膜旱作稻可以通过不同的栽培管理模式,促进生长发育,达到高产目的.

The study showed that different ecological environment and cultivation system in various ecological regions of Zhejiang Province resulted in some different physiological characteristics of nitrogen nutrition and stress-resistance,especially in the aspect of NO_3--N and NH_4+-N concentrations,between film-mulched and conventional flooded rice.Owing to the heat stress in Hangjiahu plain,the NO_3--N concentration of film-mulched rice decreased to some extent,but NH_4+-N concentration increased markedly at tillering,jointing and booting stages,compared to conventional flooded rice.In Jinqu basin,the NO_3--N concentration of film-mulched rice at booting stage was higher,while the NH_4+-N concentration in its roots was notably lower than those of conventional flooded rice,with NH_4+-N concentration in its basal stems and leaves somewhat increased.Generally,the glutamine synthetase(GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities in film-mulched rice leaves were enhanced at booting stage,while malondiadehyde (MDA),soluble sugar (SS) and proline(Pro) concentrations had little changes.In conclusion,film-mulched cultivation was beneficial to the rice growth and its high yielding.