内蒙古河套灌区土地利用与景观格局变化研究

Land use and landscape pattern change in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

利用1985年和2000年的土地利用数据,对内蒙古河套灌区的土地利用变化及景观格局变化进行了研究。借助GIS软件ArcInfo和ArcView及景观格局分析软件包FRAGSTATS等软件,分别对灌区的土地利用变化总体特征、速度、变化过程以及景观级别的动态特征进行了分析,同时,比较了灌区土地利用变化以及景观变化的区域差异。结果表明:灌区中的耕地与草地占绝对优势,表明灌区以农牧为主的社会经济结构;土地退化现象十分明显,26.9%的高覆盖度草地转化为中覆盖度草地,部分低覆盖度草地转化为荒漠地,耕地退化主要表现为盐碱化;景观变化主要表现为景观呈破碎化趋势,景观多样性提高,斑块类型趋于离散。5个旗、市(县)的景观变化各具特点,以临河市与乌拉特前旗最为显著,这与土地利用变化的区域差异分析结果是一致的。

Based on land-use data of 1985 and 2000 in Hetao Irrigation District, land use change and landscape pattern change were analyzed. With the GIS software ArcINFO and Arc View, the character, rate and processes of land use change were analyzed. The changes of landscape metrics were analyzed using the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS. The results showed that arable land and grassland remained the main land use in 15-year period. Land degradation was very serious, and 26.9% of dense grassland were degraded to mid-density grassland and some sparse grassland were turned into bore land. The soil salinization mainly occurred in farmland. The landscape change showed that landscape fragmentation process and landscape diversity are increased and patch shape is dispersed. Five, counties (cities) had their own landscape dynamics. The change of landscape pattern in Linhe city and Hangjin Hou County were most active, which was the same as the result of spatial difference of land use change.