沙坡头站雨养人工生物防护体系水平衡研究五十年

Fifty-year History of Water Balance Research for Artificial Rainfed Ecosystem in Shapotou, Tengger Desert

中国沙漠科学以沙坡头为标志在水平衡研究领域走过了 50 a的历程。理性认识从最初了解水环境发展到今天不同尺度的土壤植被大气连续体的水分运动、迁移、平衡和转换的综合研究;实验设备从最初的土钻、烘箱、天平改善成今天的均衡式张力计、中子水分仪、时域反映仪(TDR)、人工气候生长箱、生态系统降水模拟设备等,使水平衡研究初步达到人工模拟的实验条件;试验场地从无控的流动沙丘、固沙区到蒸渗池、Lysimeter、水分平衡观测场、自动定点监测系统。50 a的研究初步明确了人工雨养生态系统水平衡演变的过程和机理。水环境变化趋势预测、微量水循环研究和生物水分调控技术研发将成为水平衡关注的新焦点。

The Shapotou, as a sign of Chinese desert science, has gone across a 50-year history in the scientific scope of water balance. Theoretical progress was from initial understanding of water environment to today's synthetical researches of water movement, transference, balance and conversion in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. On experiment equipments, equilibrium tensimeter, TDR, Chamber of Plant Growth and eco-system instrument of simulating rainfall, this provides a experimental control condition for relating researches, and so on renewed traditional soil auger, oven and scale. The proving ground on mobile sand dunes developed to evapo transpiration pool, lysimeter, water balance ground and auto-monitoring system in field. The 50-year research basically pinpointed the process and mechanism of the water balance of artificial rainfed ecosystem. Prognoses of water environment change, micro-water cycle and management technology of water and biology should be focused.