干旱、半干旱区几种典型生境大型土壤动物群落多样性比较研究

Comparison Study for Biodiversity of Macro Fauna Community in Arid and Semi-arid Region

对中国北方干旱、半干旱地区3种大型土壤动物群落的组成、多样性和相似性进行了比较研究。调查共得123类大型土壤动物,优势类群为蚁科成虫和鳃金龟科幼虫。其中,有15个广布类群,31个中布类群,而狭布群在沙地生态系统和草原生态系统分布较多,荒漠生态系统分布较少。3 个大型土壤动物群落在类群数、个体数优势类群组成和相似性等方面,沙地生态系统和草原生态系统是较为接近的,且它们的群落类群多样性明显高荒漠生态系统。在对研究区大型土壤动物群落多样性的测度中,含有样方大小的物种丰富度指数(dGL )、密度群指数(DG)、群落复杂性指数(Cj )能较好地反映实际情况。

In arid and semi-arid region of China, study on construction, diversity and similarity of 3 macro fauna communities were conducted. For total research, 123 groups of macro fauna were gained. Among them, larvae of Formicoidae and larvae of Melolothidae were dominant groups. 15 groups widespreadly existed in all 3 macro fauna communities. 31 groups existed in two macro fauna communities. Others only existed in one of them. For the number of these macro fauna groups, desert ecosystem had least number. Comparison of the number of groups, individuals, construction of dominant groups and similarities about 3 macro fauna communities showed that the Horqin sandy land ecosystem and grassland ecosystem were close to each other. And their diversity indices were higher than that of desert ecosystem. For measuring the macro fauna community diversity, the suitable indices were species richness index (d (GL)), density-group index (DG) and community complex index (C (j)).