海啸破坏特点与工程防御方法初探

Tsunami damage characteristics and engineering fortifying methods

印度洋海啸现场调查表明,海啸灾害不同于地震和洪水灾害。海啸通过高水位淹没和浪涌冲击对海边地势低平地区的房屋、道路、桥梁、机场以及给排水、供电、通讯等设施与车辆、船只造成严重破坏。海啸上岸后,由于巨大的冲力,将夹带一些破损建筑物产生的固体漂浮物一同前进,因此破坏力更强。由于淹没、浪涌、冲毁建筑物压埋以及漂浮物冲击等综合作用,造成人员死亡率极高,所过之处,财物殆尽。抗御海啸灾害的工程措施主要在于合理规划(避让、削弱、分流、阻挡 )和科学设计 (潜在海啸灾害等级划分、结构性态决策、海啸荷载确定、抗海啸分析、构造设计)。

Field investigation on the Indian Ocean Tsunami shows that tsunami disaster is quite different from that of earthquake and flood. Tsunami can cause severe damage to coastal houses, roads, bridges and other infrastructures by submergence, surge and impact. Tsunami disaster can be minimized by engineering methods such as better planning and reasonable design.