西庄河流域森林生态系统涵养水源的价值

Economic Evaluation of Water Reservation of Forest Ecosystem in Xizhuang Watershed

森林的生态服务功能在很长时间内被人们漠视和忽略,很大程度上是因为森林的生态和文化价值难以用货币的形式进行衡量,因此,生态服务功能价值化已成为国外研究的一个热点。以云南保山西庄河流域为研究区,通过在流域建立水文站、气象站和雨量站等组成监测网络,获取了多年的各类气象和水文要素的观测值,进而利用水量平衡公式分析流域森林生态服务功能中的涵养水源总量,并通过影子工程等评价方法计算出其所蕴藏的经济价值。QUICKBIRD高空间分辨率卫星影像的应用,有助于提取西庄河流域森林生态系统的面积、组分及平均树龄。结果显示,西庄河流域多年平均年降雨量1516 9mm,年径流量1950×104m3,森林生态系统平均年蒸散量为952 7mm。研究表明:西庄河流域森林生态系统年均涵养水源能力为1949 88×104m3,其涵养水源功能的经济总价值为1306 4×104元/a,每公顷森林面积涵养水源的价值为6963 84元/a。

Ecological services of forest ecosystem have been ignored for long time, largely depending on difficulty to evaluating ecological services of forest ecosystem. Therefore, Economic evaluation on forest ecosystem has been a hotspot of research area. This paper studies water conservation values among other 16 ecological services of forest ecosystem in a small mountain watershed —— Xizhuang watershed in Baoshan,Yunnan Province. Based on six-years of primary field data of precipitation, evaporation and runoff, and also introduced high spatial resolution satellite QUICKBIRD image to delineate the boundary of different forest ecosystem in the watershed, This paper evaluates the economic values of water reservation of forest ecosystem in Xizhuang watershed. Result shows that average annual precipitation, runoff and evaporation is 1 516.9 mm, 1 950×10~4 m^3 and 952.7 mm, respectively. The total amount of water reserved by forest ecosystem is (1 949.88)×10~4 m^3·yr^(-1), the total economic value of water reservation in Xizhuang watershed is RMB 1306.4×10~4 yuan·yr^(-1), the average economic value of forest ecosystem is RMB (6 963.84) yuan ·yr^(-1) ·hm^(-2).