百年反思:20世纪马克思主义文艺理论在中国的传播、发展与问题

Century Reflection: 20th Century Marxist Literary Theory in China

马克思主义文艺理论在中国的传播,经历了从三途并行向一途独进,三足鼎立向一家称雄的转变,这种转变既是历史的必然选择,但同时有其失误:一是经典文本与阐释文本的混杂性,二是翻译传播中的双重间接性;三是注重政治功利的实用性;马克思主义文艺理论在中国当代的研究,可以分为三个阶段:一是经典著作评注期,二是理论体系探讨期,三是当代形态建构期,而每个时期的研究都各有侧重点与特色;马克思主义文艺理论在中国百年的传播与研究,具有三个方面的积极意义:一是促进了中国化马克思主义文艺理论的产生与发展,二是推动了中国文艺理论批评的转型,三是影响了中国文艺的发展方向,但同时也存在三个方面的问题:一是缺乏创新精神,二是二元对立思维,三是研究方法和思想资源单一。

The spread of Marxist literary theory in China has experienced a shift from three-approach-period to a sole-approach-period. Originating from the historic necessity, the shift nevertheless has its drawbacks: 1) It brings about a confusing mixture of classical texts and hermeneutic texts. 2) It brings about the double indirectness in spreading through translated texts. 3) It brings about a utilitarianism emphasizing political interests. The contemporary study of Marxist literary theory can be divided into three periods: 1) the interpreting and criticizing of the classical texts period. 2) the exploring the theoretical system period. 3) the constructing its contemporary form period, with every period having its own stress and characteristics. The century-long spread and study of Marxist literary theory also has its positive forces: 1) It fostered the advent and development of the domesticated Marxist literary theory in China. 2) It boosted the shift in the Chinese literary Criticism. 3) It modified the direction of Chinese literature. Meanwhile, it has its defects: 1) lack of innovation. 2) dualistic thinking. 3) lack of variety in research method and ideological resources.