晚清陆王心学复苏的若干考察

A Review of the Reviving of Lu-Wang's Mind Theories in the Late Qing

陆王心学,尤其是王学,在清代曾经长期受到压抑,直到晚清方始复兴。随着汉学在乾嘉后的衰落,各种学术思想开始活跃起来,为陆王心学的萌动提供了契机。大致在中日甲午战争以前,陆王之学尽管受到理学正统派士人的抨击,未能恢复到明末清初时的规模,但其学说则通过持调和论学者的阐发,保留下来,得到潜在性的传播。这一时期赞成陆王之学的士人不少都是程朱理学的信奉者,他们对陆王之学的肯定、发挥,都用程朱理学的观点进行过滤,阐扬的内容只限于那些对封建统治无妨害而与程朱理学学理不相悖违的部分,而陆王之学中与程朱义理相矛盾的内容却掩而不彰。

Abstract: Lu-Wang's mind theories, particularly Wang's mind theories, turn to reviving in the late Qing after being oppressed for a long time from the early Qing. Along with the declining of the Han learning after the Qian and Jia periods, lots of academic thoughts become active, which offors a chance for the reviving of Lu-Wang's mind theories. Approximately before the War of Jiawu, though attacked by neo-Confucian, Lu-Wang's mind theories spread latently under the explanation of the scholars who claim co-existence. Many scholars who agree Lu-Wang's mind theories embrace neo-Confucianism. The contents revived in Lu-Wang's mind theories are corresponded to neo-Confucianism, but those which conflict with neo-Confucianism in Lu-Wang's mind theories are still covered.