试论十六国时期契吴山的地理位置

On the Geographic Position of Qiwu Mountain during the Period of the Sixteen States

鄂尔多斯高原环境变迁问题是学术界争论不休的问题, 有的学者认为早在更新世后期鄂尔多斯高原上的沙漠就已经存在, 而另外一些学者则根据十六国时期大夏国主赫连勃勃对契吴山的赞美及其他史料, 认为现今是沙漠的地方在先秦甚至是至北魏时期还是水草丰美的草原或森林景观。在这些争论中, 关于契吴山的真实地理位置则成为论述这一问题时的焦点。大多数学者认为契吴山应在大夏政权都城统万城以北, 而另有学者对此持有异议, 认为契吴山当在云中地区。本文从记载统万城的四种文献的史料来源、铁弗匈奴的族源及赫连夏政权的民族构成、史书中所记统万城当时的城市环境及自然景观三个角度, 论述契吴山及契吴城当在统万城以北。

The problem of environmental changes of Erdoss Plateau has been antroversial in the academic circle, among which the focus on this problem lies in the truly geographic position of Qiwu mountain to the north of Tongwan city (capital of Hsia kingdom )during the period of sixteen states. According to four sources of historical documents recording the Tongwan city, the origin of T`ien-fo Hsiun-nu and the national composition of Ho-lien Hsia ,as well as then environmenter and the natural landscape in the historical records, the author demonstrates that Qiwu mountain and Qiwu city is to the north of Tongwan city.