1Ochiai R, Takeda J, Noguchi J,et al, Subcutaneous carbon dioxide insufflation does not cause hypercarbia during endoscopic thyroidectomy, Anesth Analg, 2000,90 : 760-762.
2Gottlieb A, Sprung J, Zheng XM, et al. Massive subcutaneous emphysema and severe hypercarbia in a patient during endoscopic transcervical parathyroidectomy using carbon dioxide insufflation. Anesth Analg,1997,84:l154-1156.