论赶超战略的本质与中国实施赶超战略的经验教训

The Essences of the Catching-up Strategy and the Experiences in China

赶超战略是经济文化落后国家和地区在政府主导下的有意识的、以赶超先进国家为目标的一种宏观规划。它的本质在于强调战略的目的性和赶超意识,而不在于实现赶超战略的手段,无论是重工业优先发展战略,还是比较优势战略,抑或是进口替代战略,都不过是策略和手段而已。战后,发展中国家尽力追赶发达国家,但残酷的事实却是:它们与追赶对象之间的差距不是在缩小,而是在拉大,但是,如果放弃追赶的努力,那只有自甘落后。后起国家选择社会发展战略的原则是目标优先,而不是模式的完美。中国在实施超越战略过程中曾经出现的指标单一、短时间的赶超,说明我们还没有认识社会主义现代化建设的规律,急于求成的行为又破坏了人们对赶超战略的信心,扭曲了人们对赶超战略的认识,实际上也降低了社会主义工业化和现代化的标准。

Catching-up is a strategy for the economic backward countries which bear a goal of catching up with and surpassing the advanced countries. Its essence lies in emphasizing the purpose of strategy and catching up with and surpassing consciously, but not in the means to realize the strategy itself. After the War Ⅱ, developing countries do the best to catch up with the developed countries, but the cruel fact is that the gap between themselves and the targets is not shrinking, but stretching; however, if they gave up, they would abandon themselves to lagging. It is necessary for us to carry on research the experiences, to inherit, to develop and innovate, in order to accomplish the historical mission of a prosperous and strong state and to bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.