促进成人学习的三种教育模式探析

On the Models of Promoting Adult Learning

在促进成人学习上,北美和欧洲成人教育存在着行为主义、人本主义和批判主义三种模式。行为主义模式认为成人学习是行为变化的结果,是向着预定目标连续前进的过程;人本主义模式强调成人学习是一个分析的过程,重在寻找和满足自身需求和兴趣;而批判主义模式则认为成人学习是对行为结果的反思,旨在显示个体生命意义和价值。这三种模式都有深厚的哲学基础与心理学基础,在一定程度上反映了成人学习的客观规律。但是它们也分别存在难以解释的局限:成人学习能客观量化吗?满意度是否就是成人学习成功的唯一标准?学习是中性、无价值的过程吗?由此启示人们,成人学习是复杂的、多元的,没有一成不变的教育模式。

On promoting adult learning, there are three models of adult education in North American and European: Behaviorism,Humanitarianism and Criticism. The model of Behaviorism thinks adult learning is the result of behavior change, that is the process of progress to the destined goal. The model of Humanitarianism emphasize that adult learning is a course of analysis, that is to look for the need, interesting and satisfy oneself. For the model of Criticism, adult learning is the reflection ofbehavior--the purpose is to represent meaning and worth of life. These three models based on its philosophy and psychology,they reflect the objective laws of adult learning at a level, though they have some limitations, such as can adult learning be measured? Is the degree of satisfaction the only standard of adult learning? Is learning a neutral or unworthiness process? All these inspire people adult learning is complicated and multiplicated,so there is not an unchangeable education model.