新疆杏品种果实发育动态研究

Research on development dynamic state of Xinjiang apricot fruit

对8个新疆杏品种的果实发育动态进行了研究。结果表明,杏果实生长发育动态呈"快—慢—快"的"双S"型曲线,整个发育期大致可分为3个时期,即果实第一次快速生长期、果实缓慢生长期和果实第二次快速生长期。"双S"型生长曲线因不同品种的果实生长量和三个生长期持续时间不同而波动趋势有差异。所有品种在各生长期内的果实生长量占成熟时比例和果实平均日生长量都以果实第一次快速生长期最大,果实鲜重和干重则以果实第二次快速生长期最大,二者增长曲线呈"双S"型,但干重"双S"型不明显。果核的快速生长与果实第一次快速生长同时开始,但提前约1周结束。盛花末期后第5周核开始硬化,胚开始发育。多数品种在第9周核完全硬化;胚快速生长3周,第8周开始缓慢生长。

The fruit development dynamic state of 8 Xinjiang apricot varieties was researched. The result shows that growth and development dynamic state of apricot fruit presents a curve of double S form, which can be divided approximately into three periods: the period of fruit fast growth for first time, the period of fruit slow growth and the period of fruit fast growth for second time. The motion trend of growth curve of double S form shows difference because of different fruit growth quantity of different varieties and different last time of three growth periods. During the first period they are the highest in the proportion of the growing quantity of all apricots account mature fruit and the average growing quantity of fruit, among three growing periods. The weight of fresh fruit and dry fruit are the highest during the period of fruit fast growth for second time. The curves of weight of fresh fruit and dry fruit growth present double S form, but the curve of the weight of dry fruit has not obvious double S form. In the fifth week after April 1, the nuts grow fast. Comparing the first period of fruit, they end in advance of about a week. The nuts of most apricot varieties grow slowly and begin to hard, which end in the ninth week. The embryos begin to develop in the fifth week after full-blossom period, in eighth week they grow slowly.