儒道人学思想辨析

Comparison between Confucianism and Taoism on Humanity

老子道家和孔子儒家都是重人道并以人道为终极关怀的。其所不同的是,孔子儒家着眼于人际关系的和谐和人性的自由自觉,从而建构了一个以“天命”为本体,以礼乐文化的合理性为基础,以“仁”为价值中心,以“克己复礼”为价值实现途径的道德人文主义的人学思想体系。而老子道家则以人与自然的原始和谐为基础,从而建构了一个以“道”为本体,以“自然”为本位和价值中心,以“返璞归真”为价值实现的自然主义的人学思想体系。二者之间的异质互补,为实现人性自由、人与人、人与自然的和谐和可持续发展提供了取之不尽,用之不竭的思想资源。

Confucianism and Taoism both emphasize humanity and regard it as the ultimate goal. Confucianism pays attention to the harmony of the human relationship and human consciousness. Terefore, humanity thinking system based on morality is built, in which ontology is ″destiny″, the base is the reason of propriety and music; The value center is ″benevolence″; The value realization is ″restraint oneself and recover the propriety″. However, the humanity thinking system of Taoism is based on science, in which the base is natural harmony of human and nature. The ontology is ″Taoism″; The value center is ″nature″; The value realization is ″the retune to the nature″. The differences between them got compromised, which has become a thinking resource for the realization of human freedom, and the harmony development among people, between people and nature.