长江三角洲土地资源遥感动态分析

Dynamic Analysis of Land Resources in Yangtze River Delta by Using Remote Sensing

对土地资源需求的增长与有限的土地资源量之间的矛盾 ,是长江三角洲区域经济持续发展的主要矛盾之一。随着长江三角洲区域经济的快速发展 ,城市化、工业化进程加快 ,土地资源在高强度的开发中发生快速变化。在经济发展的同时 ,人与土地资源的矛盾更加尖锐 ,成为当前制约国民经济持续、协调发展的重要因素。长江三角洲地区是我国经济高度发达的地区之一 ,也是我国历史上少有的大面积粮食高产、稳产区。本文在利用遥感和 GIS技术对 1985～ 2 0 0 0年间全区土地资源进行动态分析 ,特别是在对耕地资源数量的定量分析基础上 ,结合区域土地资源的结构变化特点 ,深入研究其时空过程及动态变化规律 ,探索长江三角洲地区耕地动态平衡的措施与土地资源合理利用的对策 ,为区域农业持续发展服务。

The contradiction between the increased land resources requirement by economic development and limited land resources is one of the main contradictions in sustainable economic development of the Yangtze River Delta.Accompanied by the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta's economy, the pace of urbanization and industrialization was speeded up, and land resources also changed rapidly due to intensified exploitation. With sustainable progress in economy, the conflict between human and land resources becomes fiercer, which is an important factor that restricts the sustainable and harmonious development of national economy. The Yangtze River deltaic area is the economic-advanced area in China, which is rare in Chinese history that can produce crop yield largely and steadily in huge zone. Based on the quantitative analysis of the existing situation of the Yangtze River Delta's land resources, particularly cultivated land resources, by remote sensing and GIS method, this paper was prepared based on 15 years(1985～2000)of monitoring data with Xishan city in Jiangsu province as a typical case. According to in-depth analyses of the quantity of land resources, characters of their distribution and the rule of their dynamic changes, this paper displays and reconstructs the spatial and temporal course of land resources in this area, and clarifies that these dynamic changes of the area are strongly influenced by human activities and the main factors exerting dominant effects on them are policies, economic development and population growth. Combined with the structural characters of land resources in this area and the analysis of their development trends, the author considers that in a long period of time, there will be an inevitable decrease in this area's cultivated land. Cultivated land not only has its economic value, but also ecological and social benefits.The loss of the ecological and social benefits after cultivated land's conversion should be necessarily included in the cost of cultivated land use. Only having done this can we restrain the trend of occupying cultivated land from economy, solve the low-efficiency problem in cultivated land use ultimately and establish the rule of cultivated land protection by market method.