“文艺为政治服务”的沿革

A study of the evolution of the idea of "making literature and art serve politics"

《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》(下称《讲话》)提出的"文艺为政治服务"的"政治"是较狭义的政党政治。从上世纪40年代末开始,为政治服务不仅跃升为国家的文艺基本方针,也被明确地阐述为要为执政党的具体政策和任务服务。60年代,文艺又被要求完全服从于以阶段斗争为纲的执政理念。1980年,作为国家文艺方针的为政治服务始为"二为"取代,在实践形态方面,为政治服务自新时期文学肇始起已有根本改观。

The concept of politics referred to in the idea of 'making literature and art serve politics' proposed in the 'Speech at the Yanan Literature and Art Forum' is partisan politics in its narrow sense. Since the 1940s, to serve politics has not only been regarded as the nation's fundamental policy for literature and art, but also made clear that literature and art ought to serve specific policies and task of the party in power. During the 1960s, literature and art was made absolutely subject to the government philosophy of endowing class struggle with the dominant position and even made to serve political conspiracy. In 1980, the idea of 'making literature and art serve politics' was replaced by the 'dual purpose of literature and art'. In practice, the idea of 'making literature and art serve politics' has experienced fundamental changes since the beginning of the New Literature and Art Age.