历史撰述的批判与总结——王鸣盛论史书体裁与体例的利弊得失

Wang Mingsheng's View on the Format of History Books:A Critical Summary

我国古代杰出的史学评论家 ,无不重视对历史撰述的得失进行批判和总结。作为乾嘉史学名家之一 ,王鸣盛在探讨历史撰述问题时 ,尤其注意考察史书体裁的利弊得失 ,帝纪与人物传记体例的灵活运用 ,以及书志与论赞体例的进一步完善等问题 ;同时他又能够联系具体史事和作者撰述思想来讲体例 ;既重视体例又强调不应为体例所拘 ,反映其朴素辩证的变通思想 ,值得我们深入研究 ,并加以继承和发展。

Almost every prominent historians in ancient China paid much attention to criticizing and concluding the gain and loss about writing of historical works. Wang Mingsheng, as one of the most outstanding representative characters of the Qianjia School, especially attached much importance to this point.As he researched writing of historical works, Wang not only put stress on flexible exertion of biographic styles about emperors and other historical characters, but also dedicated to the improvement on the methods of historical writing such as Shu, Zhi, Lun and Zan. At the same time, he also made use of concrete historical facts and historians writing thoughts to discuss the structures of historical works. Whats most important and valuable is that Wang not only emphasized the structure of historical works but also insisted not to be confined by it, that reflected his simple dialectic and flexible methods. So it is because of those that whats done by him is still worth studying, inheriting and developing up to the present.