对我国银行业管制的思考

On Banking Regulation in China

20世纪30年代经济大危机之后,西方各国银行业普遍实施了严格的银行管制,以减低或消除银行业的市场失灵。但是60年代以后,银行管制的作用受到诸多质疑,并逐步发展形成了放松银行管制论。鉴于历史和制度的原因,中国银行业一直受到严格的管制,如:利率管制、高进入和退出壁垒、不同所有制银行的差异化政策等,这些管制导致中国银行业整体竞争力不强和效率低下。基于此,放松银行管制既是大势所趋,也是解决我国银行业内存在矛盾,提高银行业整体竞争力的必要举措。

Since the Great Depression in the 1930s, banking has been generally regulated strictly in order to eliminate market failure in the west countries. Since the 1960s, however, the effect of regulation of banking has been widely doubted. At the same time, the theory of deregulation of banking took shape step by step. For historic and institutional reasons China's banking has been regulated strictly all along, such as regulation of interest rate, high barrier to entry and exit, policy differentiation on banks of different ownership, which resulted in the low capability and efficiency Chinese banking. Therefore, the deregulation is a way to both enhancing the capacity Chinese banks and coping with the internal problems in banking system.