桃花器和开花特性研究

Studies on the Characters of Bloom of Peach

对国家果树种质资源南京桃圃保存的 5 0 7份桃种质资源进行了花期、花型、花径、雌蕊高度 (与雄蕊比 )、花粉育性的调查 ,结果表明 ,需冷量少的品种花期早于其他大部分种质资源 ,始花期以及花期持续的时间与当年的气候和花期天气尤其是温度有关。 84 4 %的种质资源具蔷薇形花 ,78 5 %的铃形花种质资源为黄桃 ;6 6 1%的种质资源花径在 3 7～ 4 7cm ,花径最大的是观赏鲜食兼用的重瓣花种质资源花玉露 ;90 5 %的种质资源雌蕊高于或近等于雄蕊 ,蟠桃 88 2 %的种质资源雌蕊低于雄蕊 ;花粉可育种质资源 4 4 3份 ,占种质资源总数的 87 4 %。

Bloom, flower type, flower diameter, height of pistil (with stamen) and pollen fertility of 507 peach(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)varieties in the National Peach Germplasm Repository in Nanjing were studied. The results showed that low chill varieties bloom earlier than most other varieties, initial blooming and bloom days were related to the weather especially the temperature. 84 4% of the varieties had showy flower. 78 5% of the varieties with non-showy flower had yellow flesh. 66 1% of the varieties had flower diameter 3 7～4 7cm, the largest one being ‘Huayulu’, a double flower variety for fresh market and ornamental use. 90 5% of the varieties' pistil higher than or equal to stamen, 88 2% of the flat peach varieties had lower pistil. 87 4% of the varieties were pollen fertility.