辣(甜)椒细胞质雄性不育系减数分裂和雄配子发生过程

Meiotic Observation and Male Gametes Development in Cytoplasmic Male Sterile of Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)

运用减数分裂制片技术和石蜡切片法观察了辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A和保持系21B以及甜椒细胞质雄性不育系金A和保持系金B减数分裂和雄配子发生的整个过程。结果表明,不育系和保持系都能进行正常减数分裂,中期I的染色体构型为9个环状二价体和3个棒状二价体,后期I和后期II都均等分裂,形成了正常的四分孢子(n=12)。保持系的四分孢子经过单核和双核期后形成成熟花粉粒。雄性不育系从小孢子单核靠边期开始异常,绒毡层细胞径向异常膨大,挤压花粉粒,致使小孢子在形成双核之前完全裂解,导致不育。

The meiotic behavior and male gametes development in cytoplasmic male sterile lines(CMS)21A and Jin A of hot and sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) and their maintainer lines 21B and Jin B were studied in this paper. The results showed that microsporogenesis could process normally until former uni-nucleate pollen stage. There are not differences in the meiosis of both A lines and B lines, and between CMS of hot and sweet pepper. At metaphase I, the chromosome constitution was composed of nine ring bivalents and three rod bivalents.Equal chromosome divisions resulted in two poles with chromosome n=12 at anaphase I, and four poles at anaphase II. After tetrad stage,uni-nucleate pollen underwent a progressive process of collapse, owing to being squeezed by abnormal swelled tapetal cells.Bi-nucleate pollen could not produce since the second pollen mitosis failed to occur, and the gametes became completely sterile.