沉默的暴力——20世纪西方文学/文化与凝视

Western Literature, Culture and Gaze in the 20th Century

近代以来的西方文化是一种以视觉为中心的文化。在此文化中 ,医学凝视与文学凝视携手共进 ,在人的主体化 -客体化过程中起了关键性作用。凝视行为将目光的暴力加之于他者身上 ,使之成为主体化与客体化的一个粘合区。正是以视觉为中心的文化催生出当代以图像为中心的文化 ,从而展开了一个世界图像的时代。在 2 0世纪世界图像时代中 ,技术手段、人的目光和资本体制形成三位一体的共谋格局。无孔不入的图像暴力把自己定位在对人体的凝视、开发和利用上。人体从此脱离了主体 ,被卷入经济过程 ,成为可欲和所欲的对象。

Modern western culture is by nature vision-centered; it has developed in coordination with the modern medical and literary gazing/examining, which plays a key role in the process of subject- and objectification of human beings. The act of gazing/examining in fact does violence to others, turning them into a field between subject- and objectification. This vision-centered culture has then brought about the contemporary ″picture culture″ and the global picture era, in which the trinity of Technology, Vision and Capital conspire a silent and pervasive violence not only of gazing at, but also of exploring and utilizing the human body, that is now disconnected from the subject and turned into an object of desire and economic consumption.