论当代比较诗学话语困境及其解决路径

The Discourse Predicament of Contemporary Comparative Poetics and the Way Out

“比较诗学”就是文论的“跨文明”研究 ,如何超越两种文论话语体系是目前比较诗学面临的最大困境。西方文论不具有“普适性” ,用西方文论话语来言说、阐释和衡量中国古代文论 ,实际上是把中国古代文论纳入西方文论体系。“西方中心主义”不是情感问题 ,而是话语的学理问题。反“西方中心主义”不是用“中国中心主义”取代它 ,而是超越它 ,超越“西方中心主义”同时也是超越“中国中心主义”。超越有两种模式 :形而上学模式和后现代主义模式 ,前者旨在建立更为一般性的文学理论 ,后者主张消解文学理论的形而上学性 ,不再寻求文学以及相关问题的终极性定义。本文对前一种模式表示怀疑 ,而主张后一种模式。

Comparative Poetics is cross cultural study of literary theories. Chinese and western literary theories are two different discourse systems, separated from each other by their incommensurability. Western literary theory does not suit all situations. To speak, to interpret and to measure in the language of Western literary theory is in fact to put traditional Chinese literary theory in the system of Western literary theory. There are two modes of surpassing Western centralism: one is metaphysical and the other post modernist. The former aims to construct general literary theory while the latter deconstructs the metaphysics of literary theory and ignores the ultimate meaning of literature and its related issues. The author of this paper gives support to the latter mode and expresses doubts about the former.