巫山县大昌古镇拟选搬迁新址适宜性评价研究

SUITABILITY OF NEW SITE FOR LOCATING DACHANG ANCIENT TOWN IN WUSHAN COUNTY

大昌古镇始建于西晋太康年初,现保存较为完整的古镇建于明代。镇内目前保存完好的东、西、南三条街道,沿街多为具川东地区建筑风格的民居建筑,是重庆市著名的历史文化名镇。同时古镇又是三峡工程库区重庆段保存规模最大,结构最完整的古建筑群,为了更好地再现三峡库区古老的历史文化风貌,国家文物局经过充分论证和可行性研究,将其确定为“整体搬迁”项目。因此,对于大昌古镇搬迁新址的选择就成为本次保护工程的首要问题。对巫山县大昌古镇拟选的五处搬迁新址,在区域工程地质条件评价的基础上,综合环境、人文及地质等因素,建立了综合评估体系,并尝试性地对拟选的几处新址进行了客观的定性和半定量评价,为建设部门提供了决策依据。评估体系综合考虑了城市建设的适宜程度、工程建设投资的合理性、文物环境风貌的再生性及资源开发效益的合理性四方面影响单元,和与之密切相关的量化影响因子,建立了分层定量取值标准,采用加权平均原则,在单元评价的基础上完成了综合性评价。

The construction of Da Chang Town started in early years of the Taikang Period of the West Jin Dynasty (3rd century).the present well-preserved town was constructed in the Ming Dynasty (14th-15th century). The well-preserved streets(such as the East, the West and the South streets) together with the residential building, along these streets are of typical Eastern Sichuan style, which have made Da Chang a famous town in Chonqing municipality. This town is also the biggest site with well-preserved ancient buildings in the Chonqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In order to better preserve the cultural and historical relics of Da Chang, it has been decided after extensive consultation and thorough feasibility study to relocate the entire town. Many technological issues have therefore appeared on the agenda, particularly the identification of the new location for the town. Based on the evaluation of geological conditions and through the integration of environmental, cultural and geological features of 5 potential sites, the authors established a comprehensive assessment system providing qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation for the new site of this ancient town. The assessment system considers four aspects,including the degree of investment, feasibility of construction, possibility of reconstruction of the cultural and environmental, features and profitability of the resource use. The comprehensive assessment was achieved by weighted averaging of the individual assessment of each unit.