陆地棉组织培养中再生植株的形态解剖学研究

STUDY ON COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF REGENERATIVE PLANTLETS OBTAINED IN TISSUE CULTURE OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.

在显微和超微水平不同层次上对陆地棉(Gossypium hisutum L.)再生植株中正常苗和玻璃苗叶及根端的形态结构进行了观察比较。结果表明:试管玻璃苗叶表面凹凸不平,气孔下陷,萎缩变形,表皮细胞形态不规则,排列不整齐,叶表面蜡质分布不均匀,其数量也较少;叶肉无明显的栅栏组织分化,细胞中叶绿体含量少、形态小,结构异常。超微结构显示,大部分叶肉细胞中叶绿体基粒片层分布少而含较多的基质片层,其它细胞器如线粒体、高尔基体、内质网等含量少或缺。叶脉维管组织发育不良,导管分子数目少,木质化程度低,根尖短而细,生长点仅由少数具分生能力的细胞组成,根冠细胞大,但数量少。正常苗形态结构基本类似于实生苗。

In this paper, we made a comparision between normal and vitreous plants (GossyPium hirsutum L. )in structure of leaves, apieal roots on microscopic structure and submicroscopic structure. The experiment showed that the surface of vitrified leaves were irregullar, and stomats were out of shape, sunken, atrophic. The shape of surface cells were irregullar and ranged out of order. In Scanning electron microscope(SEM), wax on the surface of leaves were not even distribution, and quantity were poor. Palisade tissue differented unobviously in the mesophyll, chorophyll were poor, shape was small and their structure were unusual. It was displayed in submicroscopic structure, there were less grana lamella and more stroma lamella in the chlorophyll in most of mesophyll. The other cell organelles, such as mitochendrion, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum(ER), were little Vascular tissue of leaf vein developed very poor, vessel segment were short. Root tip were short and thin,the growing point were only made up of few organized cells, cells of root cap were large but few. The structure of normal plants were as same as seedling.