我国儿童少年头眼部与眼镜架相关参数分析

Analysis of anthropometry on head and eye for stipulating of children′s spectacle frames

目的探讨我国儿童少年头眼部与眼镜架相关的眶距、瞳距、眼球突出度、耳根上点眶距、耳根上点间宽和鼻基根角6项指标各年龄段正常值及其生长发育规律,以规范儿童少年眼镜架规格尺寸。方法1996年10月至1997年10月,对青岛、开封、厦门和呼和浩特市5～17岁儿童少年10171例,用游标卡尺、眼球突出计检测头眼部眶距、瞳距、眼球突出度、耳根上点眶距、耳根上点间宽和鼻基根角6项正常值,并对结果进行分析。结果我国儿童少年眶距、瞳距、耳根上点眶距和耳根上点间宽4项指标各年龄段正常值均与年龄呈正相关,各年龄段的均值随年龄增长而增大。瞳距15岁前,眶距13岁前,眼球突出度12岁前、耳根上点眶距和耳根上点间宽12岁前各年龄段间差异有统计学意义(F=135,P<001)。鼻基根角度数各年龄段间差异无统计学意义(F=063,P>005)。瞳距、眶距、眼球突出度、耳根上点眶距和耳根上点间宽的发育高峰年龄分别为10岁、11岁、5岁、7岁和11岁,以上各参数的增长变动年龄段分别为5～15岁、5～13岁、5～8岁、5～12岁和5～15岁。4个地区间6项指标正常值比较,差异有统计学意义(t=31,P<001)。结论我国5～17岁儿童少年的5～15岁年龄段是眶距、瞳距、耳根上点眶距、耳根上点间宽和眼球突出度的发育增长期。上述5项指标男女性别间和6项指标?

Objective To investigate the normal value of six parameters of head and eye in Chinese children, including interorbit distance (IOD), interpupillary distance (IPD), superior otobasion-ectocochion distance (obs-ec), intersuperior otobasion distance (obs-obs), exophthalmos and nasal basis angle, for stipulating the sizes of children spectacle frames. Methods The value of these six parameters in 10 171 children ages 5 to 17 years old were measured with caliper in four cities and the results were analyzed. Results The IOD,IPD,obs-ec and obs-obs were increased and positively correlated with the age. The differences of these parameters among different ages were statistically significant (F=0.97, P<0.01), especially in IPD before 15, IOD before 13, obs-ec and obs-obs before 12 and exophthalmos before 12 years old. The fastest growth age in IPD,IOD,exophthalmos,obs-ec and obs-obs was 10, 11, 5, 7 and 11 years old, respectively. The growth period of IPD,IOD,exophthalmos,obs-ec and obs-obs was 5-15, 5-13, 5-8, 5-12 and 5-15 years old. The difference of these six parameters among children in 4 cities were statistically significant (t=3.1, P<0.01). Conclusions The most active growth period of IPD, IOD, obs-obs, obs-ec and exophthalmos lies between 5-15 years old in Chinese children 5-17 years old. Although the differences of these six parameters between male and female and among children in four cities are statistically significant, practically they are not important for stipulating the sizes of children spectacle frames .