“匠人营国”的基本精神与形成背景初探

A PILOT STUDY ON THE SPIRIT OF JIANG RENYING GUO AND ITS BACKGROUND

都城作为多功能的人居环境,其营建受到“理想主义”与“现实主义”的双重影响。文章认为《周礼·考工记》中“匠人营国”具有“理想城”性质,其空间结构蕴涵着“宇宙图式”,可能是王莽时期以西汉都城长安为蓝本,揉入当时的宇宙观念而描绘的都城布局的理想蓝图。

The layout of capital city described inthe Kaogong ji (Record of trades), section of the Zhouli(Rituals of Zhou), has received much attention inthe history of urban planning and design in China.What the Kaogong ji describes is often believed to bepre-Han, i.e., the Spring and Autumn Period, the War-ring Period, even the Western Zhou dynasty.However, with a perspective of human settlement,this paper suggests that the capital city is alwaysconstructed with the conception of both idealism andrealism. On one hand, the described capital repre-sents a kind of ideal city, which implicates a cosmicpattern. On the other hand, it is possibly originatedfrom Changan, the imperial city of Western Handynasty. Thus, it supposes that the literary recordmay appear at the end of Western Han dynasty, dur-ing the reign of Emperor Wang Mang.