1993—2002年中国积雪水资源时空分布与变化特征

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variation of Snow Water Resources in China during 1993-2002

利用1993—2002年SSM/I被动微波逐日积雪深度反演结果, 研究了我国积雪水资源的分布与变化. 结果表明: 积雪储量近10 a来没有明显的减少或增加趋势, 但是存在年际间的波动; 我国冬季积雪储量主要分布在东北、北疆、青藏高原东部和其边缘地区, 以及华北地区; 东北、北疆和青藏高原地区为我国的稳定积雪地区; 青藏高原地区积雪储量小于东北地区, 但年积雪日数大于东北地区.近10 a最大积雪水资源量平均约为102 79 km3, 其中最大年份为1999/2000年度, 约为131 34 km3.

The snow storage retrieved from passive microwave remote sensing brightness temperature data has the following features: 1) there is no a positive increasing or decreasing trend of snow storage in 1993_2002, but an annual variation exists; 2) there are several main snow packs including Northeast, North of Xinjiang, the East Tibetan Plateau and the periphery of the plateau, and North China plain; 3) there are some main stable snow-cover regions, such as Northeast China and North China, North of Xinjiang, and the Tibetan Plateau; 4) the snow storage in the Tibetan Plateau is less than that in Northeast China, while the number of days of snow cover in the former is more than that in the latter. The snow cover in the Tibetan Plateau, however, is more important in climate significance rather than in water resources. The mean maximum of annual snow water resources in China is about 102^79 km^(3) in 1993_2002, with the maximum one, about 131^34 km^(3), in the year 1999/2000.