两汉皇帝即位礼仪研究

The Rites of the Emperor Accession in the Period of Two Han Dynasties

汉代最高统治者有“皇帝”、“天子”两个正式称号 ,而正式称号的获得是通过即位礼仪来实现的。因此 ,汉代最高统治者即位就存在“皇帝即位”与“天子即位”的区分。“皇帝即位”是通过读策与授玺来完成 ,而“天子即位”外禅是通过祭天 。

The name for the supreme ruler of Han Dynasty can be “Emperor” or “Tian zi”,while the official name was bestowed by the rite of the accession.Therefore,the rite of the Emperor accession in Han Dynasty includes the accession of the Emperor and that of Tian zi.The former was fulfilled by reading testament and bestowing seal.As for the latter,external abdication was attained by the sacrifice to Heaven.Internal abdication was attained by the accession in front of the bier.